Are Yahweh and El Separate Deities in Psalm 82 and Deuteronomy

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Are Yahweh and El Separate Deities in Psalm 82 and Deuteronomy 32?: A Conference Paper

The polytheistic nature of pre-exilic Israelite religion and Israelâ€™s gradual evolution toward monotheism are taken as axiomatic in current biblical scholarship. This evolution, according to the consensus view, was achieved through the zealous commitment of Israelite scribes who edited and reworked the Hebrew Bible to reflect emerging monotheism and to compel the laity to embrace the idea. One specific feature of Israelite religion offered as proof of this development is the divine council. Before the exile, Israelite religion affirmed a council of gods which may or may not have been headed by Yahweh. During and after the exile, the gods of the council became angels, mere messengers of Yahweh, who by the end of the exilic period was conceived of as the lone council head over the gods of all nations. Deuteronomy 32:8-9 and Psalm 82 are put forth as rhetorical evidence of this redactional strategy and assumed religious evolution. The argument is put forth that these texts suggest Yahweh was at one time a junior member of the pantheon under El the Most High, but that he has now taken control as king of the gods.

The focus of this paper concerns the idea that Yahweh and El are cast as separate deities in Psalm 82 and Deuteronomy 32. This paper argues that this consensus view lacks coherence on several points.

Country	USA
Author	Michael S. Heiser
Binding	Kindle Edition
Format	Kindle eBook
IsAdultProduct
Label	BlindSpot Press
Manufacturer	BlindSpot Press
NumberOfPages	26
PublicationDate	2016-08-14
Publisher	BlindSpot Press
ReleaseDate	2016-08-14
Studio	BlindSpot Press

Are Yahweh and El Separate Deities in Psalm 82 and Deuteronomy 32?: A Conference Paper

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